Dynamics of Staff–Prisoner Relationships: A Narrative Literature Review

Milićević, Milena (2025) Dynamics of Staff–Prisoner Relationships: A Narrative Literature Review. In: Prison Life Organization and Security: Criminological, Penological, Sociological, Psychological, Legal, and Security Aspects. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, pp. 233-255. ISBN 978-86-80756-77-6

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Abstract

Staff–prisoner relationships play a critical role in the success of prison systems. This paper aims to examine the dynamics of these relationships and their impact on the prison environment, focusing on the key factors that influence these interactions and their potential outcomes. A total of 65 studies were analysed in this narrative literature review, covering the years 1961 to 2024. The quality of the relationships between staff and prisoners is associated with perceived prison quality of life and its moral and social climate. Positive relationships foster trust, respect, and compliance, reduce defiance and improve rehabilitation outcomes. Factors influencing these relationships include procedural justice, communication styles, shared values, and organisational factors. Procedural justice, or fair and respectful treatment, enhances perceived legitimacy and reduces negative outcomes. Effective communication between staff and prisoners is essential for positive interactions. Shared values and understanding can foster trust and cooperation. Organisational factors such as prison culture, leadership, and policies also influence staff-prisoner dynamics. Positive staff and prisoner relationships are associated with improved prison safety and the overall prison moral and social climate. Addressing problems or challenges related to these factors is essential for building a more humane and effective prison environment. Keywords: Staff–Prisoner Relationships, Prison Environment, Prison Life, Procedural Justice, Rehabilitation

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