From East to West: a global exploration of female prison life

Milićević, Milena (2024) From East to West: a global exploration of female prison life. In: Prison environment: a female perspective. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, pp. 27-48. ISBN 978-86-80756-68-4

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Abstract

The dramatic rise in the female prison population globally, particularly since the late 20th century, highlighted the inadequacy of traditional prison systems designed for men. This trend calls for a new approach that addresses the distinct experiences and complex needs of female offenders, including those related to mental health, past trauma, and social challenges. This review aims to explore and analyse the experiences of female prisoners worldwide, focusing on understanding the complex aspects of their lives in prisons, the unique challenges they face, and the similarities, overlaps and variations across diverse cultural and institutional contexts. Methods. A systematic search of Scopus and Web of Science databases identified relevant qualitative and quantitative studies published in the last 25 years. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes regarding female prisoners' experiences. Results. Prisons in developed nations tend to have better living conditions, healthcare access, and rehabilitation programs than those in developing nations. Women in prisons often experience high rates of mental health problems due to various factors, such as prior trauma, social isolation, and stress of incarceration. Positive developments are noted and include gender-responsive programs and focus on reintegration, such as promoting financial literacy, life skills, and a sense of purpose to improve a woman's chances of a successful transition back into society. Conclusion. There is a growing international recognition of the need for gender-responsive prison systems and collaboration with community support systems. To improve the quality of life for female inmates worldwide, several key steps are needed. This recommendation involves designing and operating facilities that meet the specific needs of female inmates, including providing access to healthcare, education, and rehabilitation programs, and funding for rehabilitation programs should be increased to invest in programs that help women develop skills, address trauma, and prepare for release.

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